Virtual patients and virtual populations
Virtual patients are sets of model inputs used to simulate plausible individual trajectories under specified scenarios.
Virtual patients are sets of model inputs used to simulate plausible individual trajectories under specified scenarios (FDA. Population Pharmacokinetics. 2022., Braakman et al. Evaluation framework for systems models. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2022.).
In PopPK, sample covariates and random effects from specified distributions, retaining correlations where supported. Apply each regimen to the same draws to estimate paired changes. In QSP, many parameter sets can reproduce observed population summaries. Matching a mean does not establish the tails of the distribution or the joint behavior of outcomes.